For Research
WattTime offers researchers complimentary access to our emissions data. Below, we share research that uses marginal emissions data to evaluate emissions impacts or demonstrate novel emissions-reducing solutions.
Request complimentary data access
Researchers interested in using WattTime emissions data to assess the impact of various grid / electricity interventions are invited to request complimentary access. Please complete the form and our team will review your request promptly.
REQUEST DATA ACCESSMarginal emissions used in research & application
Many researchers and organizations have used marginal emissions data (produced by WattTime or others) in their research, decision-making strategy, and product design. Below are those we’re aware of. Please use the form above if you’d like to use WattTime data in your research.
Featured resources
Automated Demand Response Refrigerator Project
by Jessica Tran et al
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Site demonstration and performance evaluation of MPC for a large chiller plant with TES for renewable energy integration and grid decarbonization
by Donghun Kim et al
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Loren dela Rosa, Caton Mande, and Matthew Ellis.. "Beyond the one-shift wonder: a case study on predictive control for heat pump water heaters." SSRN: Social Science Research Network. 2024. read more
GSF. "Measurement for the Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) specification." Green Software Foundation. 2023. read more
Donghun Kim et al. "Site demonstration and performance evaluation of MPC for a large chiller plant with TES for renewable energy integration and grid decarbonization." Applied Energy. 2022. read more
Julia Lindberg, Bernard C. Lesieutre, and Line A. Roald. "Using geographic load shifting to reduce carbon emissions." Electric Power Systems Research. 2022. read more
Jesse Dodge et al. "Measuring the Carbon Intensity of AI in Cloud Instances." Arxiv. 2022. read more
Marc Johnson and Sahithi Pingali. "Guidance for accounting and reporting electricity use and carbon emissions from cryptocurrency." Crypto Climate Accord. 2021. read more
Lucas Joppa and Noelle Walsh. "Made to measure: sustainability commitment progress and updates." Microsoft. 2021. read more
Jessica Tran et al. "Automated Demand Response Refrigerator Project." University of California, Berkeley. 2015. read more
Zoltan DeWitt and Matthew Roeschke. "Optimal Refrigeration Control For Soda Vending Machines." University of California, Berkeley. 2015. read more
Joshua S. Graff Zivin, Matthew Kotchen, and Erin T. Mansur. "Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of Marginal Emissions: Implications for Electric Cars and Other Electricity-Shifting Policies." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 2014. read more